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Vaginal Spermicides  

Effectiveness: Average failure rate of 21%

Overview

A spermicide is a chemical designed to kill sperm, inserted into the vagina prior to intercourse.  Spermicides include creams, jellies, foams and vaginal inserts or suppositories.  They prevent the sperm from entering the woman's uterus and fertilizing an egg. Spermicidal creams and jellies are designed for use with a diaphragm or cervical cap, but can also be inserted directly into the vagina with an applicator.

• Sold without a prescription
• Creams and jellies can be used for added lubrication (sometimes required with a condom)

• The main ingredient in most spermicides (Nonoxynol-9) provides some protection against sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV

• Best results when used with another barrier (condom, diaphragm or cervical cap)
• Need to be inserted into the vagina 10 to 30 minutes before sex

• Some women are allergic to certain spermicides
• Must be used every time intercourse occurs

Sponge

Effectiveness: Average failure rate of 18-36%

Overview

A small, disposable sponge (approximately two inches in diameter) containing spermicide.  The sponge is moistened with water, inserted into the vagina and placed over the cervix.

• Available without a prescription

• Water is required to wet sponge prior to insertion
• Less effective for women who have already borne children
• May be at higher risk of vaginal yeast infections
• Some women may be allergic to the sponge
• Increased risk for toxic shock syndrome
• Sponge should remain in place at least six hours after intercourse
• Can become dislodged during intercourse
• Cannot be used more than once
• Does not protect against sexually-transmitted diseases